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diagnosis nephrology differential sodium hyponatremia classification comparison diuresis diuretics excretion features high low medications nocturnal pediatrics pharmacology physiologic polyuria workup
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water Extrarenal hypotonic ... perspiration Renal ... Diuretics • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved) • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cerebral Palsy, Neurogenic ... (Hinman Syndrome ... #Causes #Peds #
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... , Cushing syndrome
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... /min) Osmotic Diuresis ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... #Causes
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Cushing's syndrome ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Primary nocturnal enuresis ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table
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