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diagnosis differential nephrology hyponatremia workup endocrinology insufficiency table acth cancer casts crystals dermatology dipstick emergencies evaluation examination glucosuria heat heatstroke
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... hypothyroidism • adrenal ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... , Ingestion Renal ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... , hypotension, hyponatremia ... ACTH) stimulation test ... insufficiency • Low or normal
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis GI losses / Insensible losses Sodium Overload Transcellular Movement of Water Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... DrEricStrong #Hypernatremia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated Step 2:
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic ... Evaluation Algorithm ... may actually be normal ... Consider additional tests ... considered likely, the cause
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... Kidney • Nephrogenic ... #Causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH Early am cortisol < 3
Diagnosis Algorithm ... unclear (often the case ... Standard Stim test ... this indicates normal ... #Stimulation #Test
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Clarity Dipstick test ... specific gravity test ... • Urinary casts ... not be used with normal ... renal function.
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