19 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
• Lung cancer ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 ... PRA • ↓ Serum sodium ... ACTH • ↓ Serum sodium ... : - Check sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... mechanism 2) ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
: 1) Identification ... acute vs. chronic) 2) ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... disease), drug ... #Differential #Algorithm
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
or metastatic disease ... secondary AI, hyponatremia ... PEARLS: 1. ... A STIM test can ... 1.
Whipple Disease (Tropheryma whipplei) - Diagnosis and Management 

Caused by: Tropheryma whipplei

Symptoms and Signs:
1. Migratory poly/oligoarthralgia
Management Caused ... Symptoms and Signs ... : 1. ... oligoarthralgia (80%) 2. ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... the epithelial sodium ... the epithelial sodium ... malignancy, metastatic cancer ... Classification #Causes
Romberg's Test for Proprioception
History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
(Romberg's sign ... to perform: 1) ... with eyes open 2) ... Observe when patient closes ... proprioception #physicalexam
Dermatological semiology of Cutaneous Vasculitis 

Clinicopathologic correlations
 • Purpura, papules, pustules, necrosis: involvement of small vessels
Identification of causes ... Connective tissue disease ... EGPA • Solid cancers ... • Infections (1- ... 2%) • Other: IBD
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteinuria as a disease ... Clarity Dipstick test ... specific gravity test ... (AKI) FE Na < 1% ... (ATN) FE Na > 2%
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
is decreased), hypernatremia ... dexamethasone suppression test ... the abdomen for adrenal ... tumors • The adrenal ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs