364 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... Normovolemic hyponatremia ... Diarrhea #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Nail Clubbing - Mnemonic 
Cyanotic Heart Disease, Cystic Fibrosis
Lung Cancer, Lung abscess 
Ulcerative Colitis
Causes of Nail Clubbing ... Endocarditis, Idiopathic Pulmonary ... Neurogenic Tumors ... #Differential #Causes
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
deep breathing Pulmonary ... Causes of Tachypnea ... Tachypnea: • Pulmonary ... Inflammation • Central neurogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #pulmonary
Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia

#Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets -
Management of Hypernatremia ... #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Algorithm #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... DrEricStrong #Hypernatremia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... and Treatment Hypernatremia ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... Treatment of hypernatremia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Secondary Causes of Hypertension
Renal hypertension 
Endocrine hypertension 
Cardiovascular hypertension 
Neurogenic hypertension 
Hypertension in pregnancy 
Toxic agent-induced
Secondary Causes ... hypertension Neurogenic ... #Differential #Causes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... Ingestion Renal Hypernatremia ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia