13 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... Dehydration: neurologic disease ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... #management #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... Treatment: Treatment ... the underlying cause ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... #management #nephrology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • Epidemiology: 10-180/100,000, Typically Age 20-40, F:M
Diagnosis and Management ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... life-threatening • Treatment ... : Chronic disease ... #Summary #rheumatology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Cerebrovascular Disease ... autoantibodies that will cause ... #CNS #neurology ... #rheumatology # ... cerebritis #diagnosis #management
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
constitutional symptoms • Treatment ... life-threatening • Treatment ... Usual therapeutic management ... : Chronic disease ... #diagnosis #management
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
: SLE+++, Adult-onset ... Still disease, ... Treatment: • ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis #management ... #rheumatology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Summary Causes ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... disease 2. ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
overlaps with RA, SLE ... Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... DI Hematologic ... Adenocarcinoma Treatment ... #Diagnosis #Management
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
erythematosus [SLE ... 10,000 ng/mL • Hyponatremia ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Management ... #Hematology #Rheumatology