13 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Matthew Ho, MD ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... management #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ... • Early death Neutropenic ... Constipation • Nausea ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia ... • Nausea, vomiting
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
old, ~10,000 new cases ... only curative treatment ... Myelodysplastic #Syndrome #MDS ... Diagnosis #Management #treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment ... hours. 2) Serum sodium ... Increase in sodium ... of a free water diuresis ... management #protocol #hyponatremia
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... SIADH — look for cause ... #sodium
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
: • Causes can ... promoting passive sodium ... Satya Patel, MD ... SIADH #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... promoting passive sodium ... Satya Patel, MD ... SIADH #Management #hyponatremia