34 results
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
caused by a toxic ... causes include ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Signs
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Causes of Secondary ... • Meningitis Metabolic ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... #Neurology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Causes of Provoked Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - "DIMS" Mnemonic
Drugs:
 • Drug overdose
 •
Causes of Provoked ... Algorithm - "DIMS ... Encephalitis Metabolic ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Apparent Life Threatening Event (ALTE) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Congenital Heart Disease
 •
Causes of Apparent ... Disturbances Neurologic ... : • Seizure ... Gastroesophageal Reflux ... #Algorithm #Causes
Loss of Consciousness in Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Syncopal causes:
• Orthostatic syncope
• Reflex syncope
• Cardiac arrhythmia
•
- Differential Diagnosis ... Orthostatic syncope • Reflex ... : • Seizure • ... Intoxication • Metabolic ... Consciousness #Syncope #LOC
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... intake • Metabolic ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology