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diagnosis nephrology differential treatment hyponatremia hyperkalemia potassium syndrome high table algorithm acidosis secondary siadh workup als amyotrophic aniongap barre cancer
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Urea/uric acid excretion ... water retention 1) ... High Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis GI losses / Insensible losses Sodium Overload Transcellular Movement of Water Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... diseases (e.g. ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Workup Algorithm 1) ... , Ingestion Renal ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
, Dehydration: neurologic ... disease, water ... ([Na] / 140) - 1) ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
disease - Renal ... of renal disease ... Oral sodium loading ... syndrome - Overnight 1- ... free cortisol excretion
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... +K / serum Na >1 ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
90 minutes) • Sodium ... bicarbonate Potassium excretion ... (if preserved renal ... lactulose (peaks 1- ... #Hyperkalemia #management
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Excretion #Diuresis
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
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