17 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... perspiration Renal ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Diagnosis by Classification ... trauma (a.k.a. neurogenic ... MI - Severe heart ... exacerbation (any cause ... #Classification
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Insensible losses Sodium ... diseases (e.g. renal ... #Table #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Diagnosis by Mechanism ... depletion - Heart ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
liver failure, neurogenic ... delivery • MI, Heart ... #Classification ... #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
dehydration due to renal ... failure): • Severe heart ... findings based on cause ... tone): • Sepsis. neurogenic ... #table #comparison
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
liver failure, neurogenic ... delivery • MI, Heart ... #Classification ... #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Shock Classification ... infection • Neurogenic ... decompensated heart ... due to loss of sodium ... #Types #diagnosis