13 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... perspiration Renal ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Insensible losses Sodium ... diseases (e.g. renal ... #Table #Causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Central or neurogenic ... Acquired - Primary renal ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Treatment is aimed ... Types #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... usually caused by ... 3 questions to work ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... • Urinalysis (Renal ... #rheumatology #classification
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis ... palpable purpura 2/2 vasculitis ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... Goodpasture's cause ... #management #treatment
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
other, more common causes ... hyperventilate, sodium ... ); may require renal ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
) • Cutaneous vasculitis ... cirrhosis: 3%-20% Renal ... Distal (Type I) renal ... : 2% Systemic Vasculitis ... Adenocarcinoma Treatment