16 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... Diagnosis is primarily ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... Table #Causes #Sodium
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
infection • Neurogenic ... CARDIOGENIC (Cold ... due to loss of sodium ... Classification #Types #diagnosis ... #management #cold
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
Methacholine • Diagnosis ... postoperative, neurogenic ... umeclidinium • COPD ... bladder, enuresis, neurogenic ... #Medications #Pharmacology
Shock and Vasoactive Drugs 
1) Determine type and etiology of shock
 • Distributive: Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic
, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic ... vasoactive drug pharmacology ... Vasoactive #Drugs #pharmacology ... #inopressors #diagnosis ... #management #comparison
Shock Types - Classification
State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
tachycardia, dyspnea, cold ... to infection • Neurogenic ... due to loss of Sodium ... Classification #types #diagnosis ... #management #criticalcare
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology