20 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... administration Step 3. ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... in Kidney Tubule ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... history Step #2 ... Uglucose Step #3 ... #nephrology #insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... renal mechanism 2) ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Shock and Vasoactive Drugs 
1) Determine type and etiology of shock
 • Distributive: Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic
, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic ... Disease, Mechanical Defect ... Pulmonary embolism 2) ... Nitroprusside, Nesiritide 3) ... #inopressors #diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
water unavailable 2) ... post-obstructive 3) ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury ( ... 2) HISTORY/PHYSICAL ... obstruction, Nephrotoxic drugs ... (e.g NSAlDs) 3) ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Hereditary defects ... the epithelial sodium ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... to work through ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table