16 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... perspiration Renal ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #sodium #high
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Insensible losses Sodium ... diseases (e.g. renal ... #Table #Causes
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Diagnosis by Mechanism ... e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
infection • Neurogenic ... due to loss of sodium ... Classification #Types #diagnosis ... #management #cold ... warm #wet #dry #table
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
alfentanil can be diagnostic ... syndrome) • Medical causes ... drug interaction, renal ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... #Management #Workup
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
- Differential Diagnosis ... dehydration due to renal ... findings based on cause ... tone): • Sepsis. neurogenic ... #table #comparison
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
hyperventilate, sodium ... ); may require renal ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup