9 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Insensible losses Sodium ... sensitivity in kidneys ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... stones caused by ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... diuresis can be high ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... High body temperatures ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Vasculitides - Differential ... tract, and often causes ... Polyarteritis Nodosa: - Kidneys ... Kidneys -> glomerulonephritis ... #rheumatology #classification