10 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... obstruction) • Neurogenic
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... sensitivity in kidneys ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... stones caused by ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Intraabdominal hypertension is defined as elevated pressure without overt organ failure (table below).  Among critically
failure, it may cause ... particularly to the kidneys ... #IAH #Grades #Classification ... #ACS #Compartment ... #Syndrome
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... the epithelial sodium ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
tract, and often causes ... Polyarteritis Nodosa: - Kidneys ... Kidneys -> glomerulonephritis ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #classification
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Classification: ... • Urine sodium ... be substituted as ... #Hepatorenal #Syndrome
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
primary condition MEDIUM ... musculoskeletal systems • Kidneys ... tract, and often causes ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology