38 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Generalized Seizures ... caused by a toxic ... and metabolic causes ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... obstruction) • Neurogenic
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... sensitivity in kidneys ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... #Classification
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... -2 deficiency Nephrogenic ... Inherited #Defects #Kidney
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium