9 results
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Nephrolithiasis) • Neurogenic ... #Acute #Kidney ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... obstruction) • Neurogenic ... #Acute #Kidney
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury (AKI ... Kidney Injury ( ... AKI) - Acute increase ... Epithelial cell casts
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Causes include: ... • A lack of acute ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... • Hyponatremia ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Cast formation: ... nephrotoxicity to kidney
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) FE Na < ... Acute Tubular Necrosis ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
circumferential dressings/casts ... • Syndrome caused ... days after an acute ... myalgia - Edema ... Spinal shock vs Neurogenic