11 results
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... #Diuretics # ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
: • ADH ON (UOsm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... , Medications (diuretics ... salt wasting • ADH ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... True hyponatremia ... release of anti-diuretic ... collecting duct in the kidneys ... #hyponatremia #ADH
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles
Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements:
 • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Management ... high preload → Diuretics ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
sympathetic + ADH ... volume expansion + diuretic ... Associated with diuretic-resistant ... improvement after diuretic ... Medical: - Stop diuretics
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Aldolase ↑ • LDH ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... Loop diuretics for