51 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... DrEricStrong #Hypernatremia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
• Serotonin Syndrome ... Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... DrEricStrong #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Vomiting Serotonin Syndrome ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... vast majority of cases ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... management #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology