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diagnosis table hyponatremia differential management algorithm treatment siadh effects medications adverse binders blockers cardiology causes diuretics hyperkalemia low potassium sideeffects
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... concentrating defect ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects ... #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid - Thiazide Type
Electrolyte Excretion Effects ... - Epithelial Sodium ... #electrolytes #effects ... #pharmacology # ... comparison #table
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel Blockers Subclasses, Mechanisms, Indications, Side Effects la - Quinidine, Procainamide lb - Lidocaine, Mexiletine Ic -
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium ... Indications, Side Effects ... Antiarrhythmics #Sodium ... Na #cardiology #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
IV Fluid Composition and Effects on Plasma 0.9% Saline Ringer's Lactate Balanced Crystalloid #IVFluid #Composition #Plasma #comparison #Effects #nephrology #pharmacology
Composition and Effects ... Composition #Plasma #comparison ... #Effects #nephrology ... #pharmacology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia # ... comparison
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