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diagnosis differential nephrology classification high hyponatremia management psychiatry acquired adh anticonvulsants bonestrength bulimianervosa cancer cardiology complications disorders ebv edema elevation
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... concentrating defect ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... among the possible causes ... asymptomatic to seizures ... the hyponatremia ... the hypothalamus detect
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... - Compartment syndrome ... B3: Hereditary Defects ... myopathies - Defects
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... -> Withdrawal seizure ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... • Neurologic deficits ... • Early death Neutropenic ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework NCPE Pathophysiology: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Causes include: ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis • Hyperparathyroidism • Vitamin D deficiency • Malabsorption syndromes
Malabsorption syndromes ... Chronic metabolic acidosis ... Diabetes • Other causes ... mineralization defect ... #BoneStrength #pathophysiology
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