38 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Provoked Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - "DIMS" Mnemonic
Drugs:
 • Drug overdose
 •
Causes of Provoked ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... Structural: • Head ... • Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
: Hypovolemia, Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... Kidney #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Insensible losses Sodium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Diagnosis Framework ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Diagnosis by Mechanism ... depletion - Heart ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... renal perfusion (Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hypothyroidism, Low ... Urine Na < 20: Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Causes of Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infantile:
 • Benign Focal Epilepsy of Infancy
 • West
Causes of Pediatric ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... Structural: • Head ... #Algorithm #Causes