11 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Cushing's syndrome ... #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Differential #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology