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diagnosis differential causes algorithm hyponatremia management cardiology ncpe noncardiogenic table treatment acidosis classification disorders diuresis elevation emergencies excretion gitelman hemeonc
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... #nephrology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework NCPE Pathophysiology: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
respiratory distress syndrome ... contents • Head injury ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... Traumatic brain injury ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... especially thiazide diuretics ... ) With edema ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... especially thiazide diuretics ... ) With edema ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
unavailable 2) Osmotic Diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... risk for cerebral edema ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Loop diuretics for ... causes #treatment #nephrology
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