96 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Generalized Seizures ... Generalized seizures ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Classification #Diagnosis ... Neurology #Signs #Symptoms
Timing & Intensity of Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
- Delirium Tremens
- Seizures
- Hallucinosis
- Minor Withdrawal "The Shakes"

Dr. Melissa
Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms ... Delirium Tremens - Seizures ... @MelBreggs #Diagnosis ... #Seizures #DeliriumTremens ... #DTs #Timing #Syndromes
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... nausea, confusion, seizures ... drug history #Diagnosis
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Carcinoid Syndrome - Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms: Flushing, diarrhea, palpitations, bronchospasm
Complications: Carcinoid heart, mesenteric fibrosis, pellagra,
Carcinoid Syndrome ... - Pathophysiology ... #Carcinoid #Syndrome ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology