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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm management toxicology anticoagulation causes citrate colchicine criticalcare defects epithelial framework gitelman heat heatstroke hyperphosphatemia hypokalemia hyponatremia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... -2 deficiency Nephrogenic ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... laxatives, Vitamin D toxicity ... Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome ... Shift: • Lactic acidosis ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... in Short Bowel Syndrome
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... - Metabolic acidosis ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia (HyperNa): - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Hypernatremia ... solutions may have ↑ sodium ... paired with a lower sodium ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... #toxicology #nephrology
Phases of Colchicine Toxicity - Early Phase (0-24h) - Multi-organ failure Phase (1-7 days)
of Colchicine Toxicity ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... cardiac arrest Neurologic ... : Seizures, Encephalopathy ... Metabolic: Metabolic acidosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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