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Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Retina 11. ... hereditary optic neuropathy ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... Compressive Optic Neuropathy ... Midbrain (Parinaud's Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
degeneration - Retina ... Lens Dislocation, Retinal ... Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ... , Retinal Hemorrhage ... Diagnosis #causes #ophthalmology
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
- Nociceptive/Neuropathic ... longer duration Neuropathic ... Neuroma • Neuropathy ... • Complex regional ... pain syndrome
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - Herpes Zoster Oticus 
Triad:
1. Ipsilateral facial paralysis 
2. Ear pain 
3. Vesicles
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome ... Peripheral motor neuropathy ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... • Stroke syndromes ... #RamsayHunt #Syndrome
Transient Monocular Vision loss - Differential Diagnosis
Ischemia	
 - Large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection).
  -
ischemic optic neuropathy ... , vasculitis) Retinal ... reversible Optic neuropathy ... chronic optic neuropathy ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
CANOMAD (Ataxia+neuropathy ... myopathy • Anti MAG neuropathy ... VEGF+M component+neuropathy ... vascular beds-renal ... , retinal, DVT,
Classic signs of arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or giant cell arteritis are mild arterial narrowing
ischemic optic neuropathy ... Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ... ischemic #optic #neuropathy ... #disc #nerve #Ophthalmology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... Drugs • Diabetic Nephropathy ... • Obstructive uropathy ... • Sickle-cell nephropathy
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
, Orbital apex syndrome ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... migraine, Ischemic neuropathy ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology