2885 results
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria ... Dipstick positive for nitrites ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Dipstick negative for nitrites ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
or 2) Amyl nitrite ... - causes methemoglobinemia
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... elliptocytosis Extrinsic Causes ... agents ex. dapsone, nitrates ... Intravascular Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine nitrites ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology if cause
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Medications (CCB, ßB, Nitrates ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Serious Bacterial Illness (SBI):
1) UTI and pyelonephritis
Most common cause of SBI
Accounts for 3-8% of uncharacterized fevers
Female
pyelonephritis Most common cause ... 75% specificity, Nitrites
Post-abortion Hemorrhage Management Algorithm
Cervical laceration
 → Direct pressure, silver nitrate for small laceration
 → Repair with
pressure, silver nitrate ... atony or unsure of cause
Features That Differentiate Acute Pericarditis from Myocardial Ischemia or Infarction and Pulmonary Embolism

In contrast to the
relieved with nitrates ... life-threatening causes
Clinically Significant Cardiovascular Drug-Drug Interactions With OTC Supplements and Herbal Products
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
 • Night-blooming
vera, Licorice - Causes ... digoxin assay Nitrates ... Potentiates action of nitrates
Sodium Nitrite and Nitrate - Toxicology

Clinical features of nitrate/nitrite toxicity
 • MetHb
 • Hypotension
 • Headache,
Sodium Nitrite and ... Nitrate - Toxicology ... /nitrite toxicity ... blurred vision, nausea ... #Nitrite #Nitrate