31 results
Severe Mitral Stenosis- The physical examination revealed a right parasternal heave, a loud S1, a midpeaking
0.5 cm2) (see video ... and Panel A; LA ... square meter (normal ... was 14 mm Hg (normal ... see source for video
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
High or Normal ... Hypercalcemia Low ... Malignancy • Normal ... PTHrP: - Low ... #Workup #nephrology
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
TSH, Low normal ... • Low TSH, normal ... Can repeat labs ... Scan • High or normal ... Hyperthyroidism #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Acid-Base: Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Low Serum Mg ... Inappropriately Normal ... Hyperphosphatemia, Large volumes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Gynecomastia - Differential Diagnosis a
nd Workup Algorithm
Gynecomastia is common in clinical practice, affecting ~50% of males
Diagnosis a nd Workup Algorithm ... affecting ~50% of males ... How to approach? ... Labs: TSH, Cr, LFTs ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
renal function is normal ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... consumption • Low ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low