237 results
Congenital Nystagmus on Physical Exam
These abnormal eye movements were found in a patient with albinism. What
ophthalmology evaluation ... Cooper Neurology ... Congenital #Nystagmus #PhysicalExam ... clinical #video #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Optic Ataxia on Physical Exam
Inability to reach an object via eyes while visual acuity and visual
visual fields are normal ... Optic #Ataxia #PhysicalExam ... clinical #video #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Losses: • Normal ... Acid-Base: Low ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Renal Loss of HCO3 ... • Serum K low ... Proximal RTA: • Low ... • Serum K: low ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... response to dark; • Slow ... reexposed to light; • Normal ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Blood pressure - Normal ... /low Proteinuria ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... function is normal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Kidney Biopsy - Diagnosis Algorithms
1) Normal Glomerulus by LM
2) Glomerular Crescents
3) Double Contours of GBM
4) Endocapillary
Algorithms 1) Normal ... Kidney #Biopsy #renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Abnormal Doll's Eye (Oculocephalic) Reflex on Physical Examination

Normally, a patient's eyes should move in the opposite
Abnormal Doll's ... Examination Normally ... Oculocephalic #Reflex #PhysicalExam ... clinical #video #neurology ... #ophthalmology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Losses: • Normal ... or Low PTH: ... or Low FGF-23: ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology