31 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
vs Secondary vs ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
process whereas secondary ... diseases • In secondary ... (SLE) Signs / Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
High Al, Low R - Primary ... High Al, High R - Secondary ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
and nephrotic syndrome ... exposure to or symptoms ... of primary or secondary ... have positive serology ... roots, causing a syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... / Complications ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... reflexes) • Urinary ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... consumption • Low/Normal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
severe clinical complications ... overload) Other Symptoms ... deficiency • Primary ... hyperparathyroidism • Secondary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... ear lobes Secondary ... older who have normal ... the following symptoms ... • Associated symptoms