9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... : • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Renal acidosis ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... - Renal tubular ... #ABG #bloodgas ... #Acid #Base #Gas
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... NAGMA - Chem, ABG ... Tubular Acidosis ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Workup #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... tubular acidosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... (Assess GFR), ±VBG ... Elimination (see Table ... ) • Low K diet ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
1
Formation of organic acids
Lactate, dissociated fatty acids, acetic acids, etc.
Metabolism
H formationt
4
Hyperkalemia
ЗНСО,
Na
2
Mineralization
3
Hypoventilation
CO;
POA
3-
HCO;
6
CO, output # with expiration
Diarrhea
5
H*-
Proximal tubule
Renal
Metabolism H formationt ... 4 Hyperkalemia ... H*- Proximal tubule ... Renal failure ... [CO,] <7.35 #Acidosis
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... type A/B • Uric Acid ... Tubular Acidosis ... Syndrome type 1-4, Lowe ... #differential #diagnosis
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
crusade against “Ab ... Acidosis. ... Metabolic Acidosis ... the ECF causes Hyperkalemia ... criticalcare #management #diagnosis