10 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... of glomerular disease ... • Malignant HTN
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... tubular necrosis (ATN ... chronic kidney diseases ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Microscopy #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease ... nephropathy • HTN ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
association • M > F Clinical ... ulceration • Ocular ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... (Clinical Dx). ... Leukemia, Lymphoma Ocular
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Weakness - Dark urine ... of underlying disease ... hour with goal urine ... hyperkalemia or ATN
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... advanced liver disease ... Diagnosis (Clinical ... ATN, volume depletion ... #Hepatorenal #Syndrome
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
affects the skin, neurologic ... Abdominal pain • HTN ... cognitive impairment, neurologic ... (PR3-ANCA)): Microscopic ... : Ocular inflammatory
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Studies in Rheumatic Diseases ... polarized light microscopy ... • Hepatitis B serology ... • Serum and urine ... ANA and RF (if clinical
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Elevated Renin Urine ... excretion of Cl > 0.5% Clinical ... History: - Age >3 at ... dominant kidney disease
Uremic Frost in End-Stage Renal Disease- A 39-year-old man with end-stage renal disease presented to the
End-Stage Renal Disease ... end-stage renal disease ... continued to have urine ... #NEJM #clinical ... #photo #renal #urology