59 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... hypernatremia - Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... diuretics (e.g. ... Thiazides-type diuretics ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Pathophysiology - Diuretic ... Sites of Action Diuretics ... canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Diuretics ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... • Triamterene OSMOTIC ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... summary #table #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential Diagnosis ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Diuretics (e.g. ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Nephron #Diuretics
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Small bowel diarrhea ... Fanconi Syndrome • Osmotic ... Diuresis • Acute ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm

IBS-Constipation:
 • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives
 • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics

IBS-Diarrhea:
 • Diarrhea:
Syndrome (IBS) Treatment ... Constipation: Osmotic ... Antispasmodics IBS-Diarrhea ... : • Diarrhea: ... Syndrome #IBS #Treatment
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology