56 results
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology #nephrology ... #medications #sites
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... • Triamterene OSMOTIC ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... summary #table #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Inadequate ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Mechanisms of Lower Extremity Edema: #Diagnosis #Pathophys #EM #IM #Edema #Lower #LowerExtremity #Causes #Starling #Oncotic #Hydrostatic
Lower Extremity Edema ... : #Diagnosis #Pathophys ... #EM #IM #Edema ... Causes #Starling #Oncotic ... Hydrostatic #Pressure #Differential
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... diuresis - Extrarenal ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
periodic paralysis Osmotic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
of Generalized Edema ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Interstitial Oncotic ... Decreased Capillary Oncotic
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
IL-2 therapy, Diuretics ... CAR-T therapy • Osmotic ... #KidneyInjury #differential ... #diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #Medications
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic ... diuresis - ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low