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differential causes sodium hypernatremia management table workup hypophosphatemia low medications classification comparison diuresis druginduced endocrinology excretion features framework high hypokalemia
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... - Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... alkalosis, Ketonuria, Osmotic ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... volume loss - diarrhea ... volume loss - diuretics ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Algorithm Hypernatremia ... administration • Osmotic ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... loss • Watery Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , osmotic (solute ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Transcellular ... • Small bowel diarrhea ... Fanconi Syndrome • Osmotic ... Diuresis • Acute
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... restriction alone in SIADH ... Present (Uosm ≥100): SIADH ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
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