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diagnosis management differential algorithm causes hyponatremia pharmacology pathophysiology medications hyperkalemia hypernatremia syndrome table hypokalemia potassium workup classification hypomagnesemia low siadh
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron 1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) 2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... diuretics (e.g. ... Thiazides-type diuretics ... #pharmacology #nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
Pathophysiology - Diuretic ... Sites of Action Diuretics ... canagliflozin 2) Osmotic ... Pathophysiology #Diuretics ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Summary of Diuretic Agents Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... • Triamterene OSMOTIC ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... summary #table #nephrology
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic step 2 = consider fludrocortisone step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... determine response to diuretic ... #criticalcare #treatment ... #diuretics #diuresis ... #nephrology #algorithm
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic ... Diuretics (e.g. ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Nephron #Diuretics
Overview of effects of diuretics and hormones involved in fluid homeostasis. #diruetic #diuretics #aldosterone #ADH #ANP #BNP #thiazide
of effects of diuretics ... #diruetic #diuretics ... acetazolamide #diamox #osmotic
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Osmotic ... diuretic, Loop ... diuretics, Postobstructive ... diuresis - Extrarenal ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Methazolamide Osmotic ... as no effect on sodium ... #Pharmacology #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... , osmotic (solute ... ) diuresis • Euvolemic ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
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