32 results
This is ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. Fibrillating right atria and rapid ventricular response.
Pulmonary vein isolation was performed and
Pulmonary vein isolation ... #Video #Heart #OpenHeart ... #CTS #ThoracicSurgery
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoventilation: CNS ... (↑Shunting), ↓Perfusion ... Dead space) • ↓Diffusion ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Normal Hilar Anatomy on Chest X-Ray
The hilum is 95% vessels and while it is not important
Normal Hilar Anatomy ... the bronchus, its ... branches and the pulmonary ... drdevrad #Hilar #Anatomy ... #Chest #XRay #CXR
Causes of Orthopnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Fear and Anxiety
 • Pleural Effusion
 • Ascites
Anxiety • Pleural Effusion ... Noncardiogenic pulmonary ... - Cardiogenic pulmonary ... Diaphragmatic pulmonary ... manipulation - CNS
Here another patient who had valve-replacement.
Notice the large heart size.
There is redistribution of the pulmonary vessels
redistribution of the pulmonary ... Clinical #Radiology #CTS ... #CXR #PostSurgical ... #Pericardial #Effusion
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions ... tuberculous pericardial effusions ... patients with pulmonary ... RA, and other CTD ... #Pericardial #Effusion
Chest Pain - Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

History and Exam
Acute life-threatening causes:
 • Acute myocardial infarction
 •
Pneumothorax • Pulmonary ... ultrasound • CXR ... score for PE • CTA
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Left Shunt - Anatomic ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Defect: Pulmonary
Hyperacute Hypoxemia - Workup and Management
Differential Diagnosis: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary ... Bronchospasm, Pulmonary ... Troponin), ABG, STAT CXR ... , CTA Chest, Echocardiogram
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary ... flare, Pleural effusion ... Tumor, Pleural effusion ... , Pulmonary Hypertension ... hernia, Obesity CNS