35 results
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Amyl nitrite - causes ... thiosulfate enhances conversion ... Cyanide #Toxicity #Toxicology ... #Pathophysiology
A toxidrome is a syndrome (set of symptoms) caused by specific medications or toxins.

There are 5
toxidrome is a syndrome ... set of symptoms) caused ... phyostigmine) - Opioid ... #Diagnosis #Toxicology ... Anticholinergics #Opioids
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Tract Infections: Complications ... - Infection damages ... urea which may cause ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Complications
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
Causes of Biliary ... Cholecystectomy, Opioid ... sludge), Mirizzi's syndrome ... stenosis, Parasitic infection ... Biliary #Dilatation #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... epidural hematoma • Infection ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... Systemic: Systemic infection ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... TB, parasitic, complications ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... Excessive vitamin D ingestion ... avium, Leprosy, Lipoid ... Hypercalcemia #VitaminD #causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... severe clinical complications ... are the leading cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Opioid Withdrawal: Clinical Findings and Complications
Note: Opioid withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable, but is rarely life-threatening
Opioid Withdrawal ... Clinical Findings and Complications ... Note: Opioid withdrawal ... Gastrointestinal distress (nausea ... Withdrawal #Opiate #Pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... Alzheimer's (1% of cases ... mutations - Down syndrome ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology