22 results
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
aka AV canal defect aka endocardial cushion defect
 • Epidemiology and Associations
 • Embryology
• Anatomy • Classification ... Physical Exam • Pathophysiology ... • Surgical Options
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... , Intermediate Action ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
advanced treatment options ... ups that cause class ... III and class IV ... HeartFailure #Staging #Classification ... #Stages #Classes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hemolysis Classification - Intrinsic and Extrinsic Causes

Commentary: Another way to think of immune hemolysis would be
Hemolysis Classification ... and Extrinsic Causes ... hemolytic transfusion reactions ... #Hemolysis #Classification ... #Algorithm
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... inhibiting the action ... intracellular calcium causes ... of the cardiac action ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... , Intermediate Action ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... Hypokalemia #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential #potassium
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology