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diagnosis differential algorithm management treatment hematuria workup acute aki microscopy renal sodium urology adh atlas cancer crystals dipstick ebv glomerular
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... Immune mediated injury ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
to Acute Kidney Injury ... require urgent nephrology ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... Saline: • If Urine ... SatyaPatelMD #SIADH ... #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... restriction alone in SIADH ... Present (Uosm ≥100): SIADH ... table #sodium #nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Treat underlying cause ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... Hypotension, Increased urine ... #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Red blood cells ... • Urinary casts ... : • White blood ... Acute Kidney Injury ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
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