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diagnosis differential management hematuria algorithm microscopy rhabdomyolysis urology workup acidosis acute adh aki atlas classification crystals dipstick diuresis diuretics ebv
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Immune mediated injury ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... #treatment #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Cast formation: ... Treatment: 1 ... hour with goal urine ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... vast majority of cases ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... #management #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... : • White blood ... used with normal renal ... Acute Kidney Injury ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
lower than 80% in cases ... Rise in blood urea ... causes the hyponatremia ... in renal failure ... sodium in the renal
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