208 results
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base
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General Concepts
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< Osmolality vs osmolarity
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Osmolality
[H 20)
Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
Acid-Base ) General Concepts ... > < Osmolality ... vs osmolarity ... ★ Osmolality [ ... The osmolality is
Crystalloid Composition - Normal Saline, Ringer's Lactate, Hartmann's Solution, PlasmaLyte

Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- 
Acetate 
Lactate 
Gluconate 
Bicarbonate
Bicarbonate Osmolarity ... Hartmanns #IVFluids #Contents
REBEL Review 70: Fluid Composition - Colloids and Crystalloids

Colloids: Dextran, Gelatin - Crystalloids: Normal Saline, Ringer's
Bicarbonate Osmolarity ... #composition #contents
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
total body sodium content ... Measuring the serum osmolality ... concentration and urine osmolality ... fall in serum osmolality ... detect the plasma osmolality
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urea, uric acid, osmolarity ... depending on clinical context
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
lactate 28 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... 6.5 • Caloric content ... 154 mEq/L • Osmolarity
Contrast dyes are divided into three groups based on their osmolarity.  High-osmolar contrast medium (HOCM),
based on their osmolarity ... LowOsmolarity #Osmolality
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Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Check plasma osmolality ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... INCREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY
Pathophysiology Based Approach to Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Algorithm

Not the "classic" Volume based approach. 

#Hyponatremia #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Nephrology #UOsm #Osmolality
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
24 hours Urine osmolality ... /18 HIGH urine osmolality ... Azotemia LOW urine osmolality