20 results
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... asymptomatic to seizures ... urea causes the hyponatremia ... True hyponatremia ... #hyponatremia #ADH
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
majority of cases, ADH ... Calculate serum osmolality ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Measure urine osmolality ... of symptomatic (seizures
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI ... urea, uric acid, osmolarity ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... fragmentocytes, LDH
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance
Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance:
 •
Diuresis in Critical ... de-escalation) phases of critical ... people with sepsis, AKI ... , & to correct hyponatremia ... improved survival in AKI
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... chromosome 21) Signs ... dysfunction: myoclonic seizure ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Pathophysiology
Culprits: ALL, Burkitt, SCLC
Cells all die at once = ↑Phos, ↓Ca, ↑K,
Syndrome (TLS) Pathophysiology ... Phos, ↓Ca, ↑K, ↑LDH ... = Arrhythmia, seizure ... tetany ↑UA = AKI ... Syndrome #TLS #Pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Rhabdomyolysis - AKI ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... fever - ACS, AKI ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... dysrhythmias, seizures
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Aldolase ↑ • LDH ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... + myoglobin AKI
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - For diagnosis, must have either 26
Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... with inattentive ADHD ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs