15 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes ... of High-anion Gap ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential ... Cell Problem - High ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... Metabolic acidosis ... disease (COPD, OSA ... #AcidBase #disorders
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... acidosis: Gl tract ... and distal RTA, ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
High Output Heart ... and Differential ... Myeloproliferative Disorders ... Hyperthyroidism - Increased Metabolism ... #causes
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
Arrhythmias - Differential ... : - High Output ... Pregnancy - Metabolic ... Generalized Anxiety Disorder ... #Differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis
 • Hyperparathyroidism
 • Vitamin D deficiency
 • Malabsorption syndromes
syndromes • Chronic metabolic ... acidosis • Physical ... Diabetes • Other causes ... #BoneStrength #pathophysiology ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #diagnosis #causes
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... : • Valvular disorders ... Hyperdynamic circulation/High ... Myeloproliferative disorders ... #causes #cardiology