11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... - Normal/low ... poisoning • Normal acid-base
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... pH Calculate Urinary ... Chloride Intoxication ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... and distal RTA, ... secreting tumor, Primary
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... chloride, hyperalimentation ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis - Differential ... Loss (Negative urine ... Cell Problem - Low ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... #differential #
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... • Fatigue Chloride ... acidosis - Cl
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Diagnosis Algorithm ... of stones Uric Acid ... of stones: • Urinary ... urine volume ... Hypocitraturia • RTA
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... (RTA)) • Refeeding