13 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Kidney loss ... Cl- outside the kidneys ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Acidosis (RTA) ... Totally scuppers the kidney's ... much easier to diagnosis ... with direct urine ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... Proximal RTA, Distal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Distal (classic) ... Generalized distal ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... cotransporter in distal ... renal tubular acidosis ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Table
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis ECF ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... unloading • Kidney ... metabolic acidosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
arterial volume (↓distal ... lysis) ± Urine ... 20 suggests ↓ distal ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Calcium Phosphate: Distal ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... #pediatrics #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis