31 results
Types of Chronic Urinary Incontinence

Type, Prevalence, Pathophysiology and Symptoms:
 - Stress
 - Urge
 - Mixed
 -
Chronic Urinary Incontinence ... Pathophysiology and Symptoms ... Urge - Mixed - Overflow ... Diagnosis #Urinary #Incontinence ... #Urge #Mixed #Overflow
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
spine Signs / Symptoms ... fecal retention -> Overflow ... Incontinence ... not have to be bilateral ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Urgency Urinary Incontinence ... to void -> Overflow ... Incontinence -> ... Pathophysiology #Signs #Symptoms
Labyrinthitis 
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral hearing loss = Labyrinthitis 
1) Vertigo (severe) 
2) Gait instability 
3)
Vestibular neuritis + unilateral ... vomiting 4) Unilateral ... Clinical • Benign ... • Nystagmus (unilateral ... Labyrinthitis #Diagnosis #Symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
of the cell -> Unilateral ... of the cell -> Bilateral ... Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
photophobia - Bilateral ... migraine - Benign ... headache: - Bilateral ... - Autonomic symptoms ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Intermittent Bilateral Exophthalmos (Alternating Exophthalmos and Enophthalmos) on Physical Exam

Observing this patient in silence for a
Intermittent Bilateral ... this patient- bilateral ... symptoms which ... that range from benign ... clinical #video #ophthalmology
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Unknown nature & benign ... dissociaton; • Usually unilateral ... PhysicalExam #neurology #ophthalmology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... Sciatica: often bilateral ... - Pain • I - Incontinence ... Examination - bilateral
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
findings: • Symptoms ... Tract Lesions: • Bilateral ... bowel/bladder continence ... bladder bladder continence ... response LMN Symptoms