22 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Signs and symptoms ... criteria for MS ... Treatment: • ... #neurology #treatment
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
- Caine Criteria ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Overview What ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
of Copper Deficiency ... diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... #diagnosis #signs ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology ... #TLS #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... #management #cardiology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Pathophysiology ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... : months - Criteria ... : El Escorial criteria ... column Treatment
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Overview Cauda ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... Differential Diagnosis ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
Deficiency in galactosylation ... nephrotic/nephritic syndrome ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
and Pathophysiology ... regurgitation - Aortic sclerosis ... • Severe iron deficiency ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... #causes #cardiology