47 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Differential Diagnosis ... allopurinol), Infection ... DAH, rule out infection ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
, Busulfan • Disease ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #blood #urine #management ... #treatment #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Erythropoiesis (B12 injections ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Matthew Ho, MD PhD ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... hematuria • Signs ... of glomerular disease ... Hematuria: • Infection ... #nephrology #renal
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... - Compatible syndrome ... skin lesions, LAD ... #causes #radiology ... #neurology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... ): Iatrogenic, Ingestion ... , Cushing syndrome ... Matthew Ho, MD PhD
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
- Differential Diagnosis ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... thromboembolism, renal ... • Primary GNs: Disease ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and Disease ... Urinary tract infections ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Bradycardia • Renal ... : • Lyme disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #cardiology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... lesion • CNS infection ... Matthew Ho, MD PhD ... #Algorithm #neurology